In case of traumatic injuries, effective evacuation of blood in oral cavity may reduce the risk of aspiration or swallow subsequent to gag reflex induced by accumulated blood. 4ĭuring third molar extraction, avoiding stimulation of the known trigger regions inside the oral cavity (base of the tongue, fauces, palate, uvula, and posterior pharyngeal wall) is crucial. Due to potential risk of generating aerosol, topical anaesthetic spray is prohibited therefore, using gels, lozenges, mouthrinses, or injection might be more feasible. In prosthodontics, using digital impression is superior to conventional techniques and if not reachable, adjusted trays and local anesthesia of oral mucosa for sensitive patients are recommended. Therefore, extra-oral radiographies such as panoramic radiography, lateral oblique view radiography, or cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) should be considered if justified. In radiographic examinations, intra-oral radiographies, particularly posterior periapical and bitewing radiographies, may trigger the gag reflex. 4 Moreover, careful retraction, effective suction, and appropriate patient positioning are imperative. These may include behavioral management and reducing the stress and dental fear, hypnosis, 6 anti-nausea medicines, sedatives, local anesthetics. 4Īlthough, there is no enough evidence to confirm which intervention is most useful to manage gag reflex, it seems that some of them may be more feasible during dental treatments in COVID-19 outbreak. Considering other possible non-pharmacological techniques, using some salt on the tip of the tongue stimulates the taste buds and consequently activates the chorda tympani nerve leading to inactivation of the gag reflex. 4 Relaxation techniques to reduce anxiety, distraction techniques to divert patient's attention, hypnosis as a temporary expedient have been documented in this approach, which all seem to be very attainable. The ultimate goal in this approach is reducing anxiety to make a safe routine dental care possible. 4Įxaggerated or repeated prolonged gag reflex in the absence of normal stimuli probably needs behavioral modification. 4 The studied techniques to manage and prevent gag reflex include pharmacological interventions such as topical and local anesthetics, antihistamines, sedatives, tranquillizers, parasympatholytics, and CNS depressants, and non-pharmacological approaches such as behavioral management, acupressure, acupuncture, transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation, employing salt on the tip of the tongue, prosthetic devices, laser stimulation, and ear plug techniques. Various interventions have been presented to control gag reflex. Moreover, a large area around the patient should be deliberated for accurate decontamination. 5 Hence, any stimulation that might result in subsequent gag reflex, coughing or vomiting should be utterly controlled and properly managed. 5 The findings show that areas of at least 7.8 m 2 would be contaminated following an episode of projectile vomiting. more than 3 m in forward and 2.6 m in lateral direction. 4 Experiments reported that splashes and droplets produced during projectile vomiting could spread to great distances i.e. Gagging may be accompanied by excessive secretion of saliva. Gag reflex is a common problem faced during dental procedures. This letter highlights the importance of management of gag reflex during COVID-19 outbreak and reviews the current evidences that have verified feasible strategies to control this common problem in dental practice. Besides the cautions that we take for our selected treatments during COVID-19 outbreak, any condition that induces gag reflex in our patients should be highly concerned and urgently manageable. 3 During this outbreak, any dental practice should be concerned considering transmission of this virus by any procedures that induce and spread droplets of saliva, oral, or nasopharyngeal discharges. 1 Although antiviral proteins of saliva can potentially inhibit replication of COVID-19 virus, 2 COVID-19 can be transmitted through the saliva and contact with oral, nasal mucous membrane, which is concerned as a potential person-to-person transmission path. Viral culture has detected live virus in saliva specimen. The 2019 novel coronavirus was identified in the self-collected saliva of 91.7% of patients involved with new coronavirus disease (COVID-19).
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